Introduction
Business and knowledge of management are intimately interrelated. Nowadays the environment of business is changing very quickly, that’s why the intellectual capital is a very important asset in the business and the knowledge asset has to manage if an enterprise wants to improve its flexibility and increase its possibility for continued existence and this management is discussed in the Knowledge Management section which is an important part of management.
In recent years the Knowledge Management is the very most up-to-date subject. The vital resources for business movement are the wonders which are delivered by the latest information technologies such as intranets, data mining, video conferencing, and web-casting and these are presenting various solutions systems for assembling the business challenges of the knowledge era, and characterized by knowledge. For instance, various certain technologies such as intranets, have some inherent capability for facilitating (Malhotra, 1998). organizational initiatives, such as Knowledge Management and which is directly related to Knowledge Analysis, Knowledge Planning, Knowledge Technology, and Computer-supported work Systems.
Every business enterprise has to provide services to its customers healthy if it wants to remain in the Business and that’s why it has to reduce its cycle times, must operate with minimum fixed assets and overhead such as people, inventory, and facilities, must reduce the product development time, (Grey, 8 March 2002) has to pick up customer service, must make powerful employees, must innovate and distribute high-quality products, boost elasticity and adoption, capture information, generate knowledge share and learn. These are not possible if there is no continual focus on the creation, updating, availability, quality, and use of knowledge by all employees and terms at work and in the marketplace (Bhojaraju, 2005).
To do any job intelligently, knowledge helps as the fundamental resource. There are two knowledge-related phases as Knowledge Assets which are acquired and used to the major degree possible by both individuals and organizations and Knowledge Related Process which are used to build, organize, transform transfer and safeguard knowledge and it must be managed sincerely in all affected areas.
Knowledge Management has two tracks of activities such as Management of information and Management of People and has two levels as Individual Perspective which is focused on practice and research on the individual, and Organizational Perspective which is focused on practice and research on the organization. Various factors have donated to become more important Knowledge Management to the present business world such as
- pick up the pace of change
- expanding in organizational scope
- enhance in networked organizations
- increasing knowledge strength of goods and services and
- revolution in information technology.
This study will discuss the Organizational Perspective of Knowledge Management (Tsai, & Lee, 2006).
Definition of Knowledge Management
Knowledge Management is the combination of processes which are managed the construction, dissemination, and exploitation of knowledge. Since Knowledge Management is related to the construction of knowledge, dissemination of knowledge, and the exploitation of knowledge, it is much more than a technology thing or computer thing. In the other words, Knowledge Management is that type of management that is related to the continuous replenishment of the organizational knowledge base item such as the formation of helpful organizational structures, facilitation of organization members, putting Information Technology instruments with stress on teamwork, and dissemination of knowledge into place.
To understand effectively Knowledge Management we have to know about Knowledge and Information. Knowledge means that ability contained in the human mind acquired information by which one man can process and solve any kind of problems faced in the organization and Information means the collected data from various sources which are organized as like the desired form and it is used to acquire knowledge. From where we can get information this is called Information Recourses such as books, journals, websites, and magazines. Information can be managed but knowledge can not be managed it must be acquired (Wilson, 2000).
Knowledge management is a regulation that encourages a combined approach by which an enterprise’s information assets such as databases, documents, policies, and procedures, are identified, shared, and managed. Again, knowledge management is the momentous and methodical management of fundamental knowledge by which personal knowledge is turned into corporate knowledge. It is often part of the Information Technology or Human Resource Management department and is used by the organizations to recognize, generate, correspond to and share out knowledge. A Knowledge Management framework is given through four sections. The first one is identifying what knowledge asset a company processes and in it various questions come into mind such as
- Where are knowledge assets?
- What does it contain?
- What is its use?
- What form is it in? and
- How accessible is it?
The second one is analyzing how the knowledge can add value and in it, various questions come into mind such as
- what are the opportunities for using the knowledge asset?
- What would be the effect of its use?
- What are the current obstacles to its use?
- What would be its increased value to the company? (Macintosh, 12 July 1999).
The third one is specifying what actions are necessary to achieve better usability & added value and in it, the various question comes into mind such as
- How to plan the actions to use the knowledge asset?
- How to enact actions?
- How to monitor actions?
And the fourth one is the reviewing the use of the knowledge to ensure added value and in it, the various questions come into mind such as (Macintosh, 12 July 1999):
- Did the use of it produce the desired added value?
- How can the knowledge asset be maintained for this use?
- Did the use create new opportunities?
The working definition of Knowledge Management is that it is a process of generating, accumulating, allocating, applying, and reprocessing the organizational knowledge by which an organization will be able to accomplish its goals and objectives. It helps to improve an employee’s knowledge in specific areas of interest and it is related to the intellectual capital of an organization which means knowledge that is of value to an organization and it is made up of human capital, structural capital, and customer capital (Holland, 04 Apr 02).
Knowledge Management has four process views as Gathering and various activities such as data entry, OCR and scanning, voice input, pulling information from various sources (BizCarta KC Glossary), and searching for information to include, are included, Organizing and in it various activities such as cataloging, indexing, filtering ad linking, are included, Refining and in it, various activities such as contextualizing, collaborating, compacting, projecting and mining, are included, and Disseminating and in it various activities such as flow, sharing, alert and push, are included (BizCarta KC Glossary).
All types of information necessary for an organization are not available and valuable for a specific area. Hence, the responsibility goes up to individual companies to establish what information is intellectual and knowledge-based assets and these are classified into one of two categories as explicit or implicit. Various assets such as patents, trademarks, business plans, marketing research, and customer lists are included in the explicit knowledge-based assets (Viney, 2006). Knowledge Management has the following items as fundamental components such as
- Producing new knowledge
- admittance precious knowledge from outside sources
- Employing the admittance knowledge in decision making
- Implanting knowledge in processes, products, and services
- Symbolizing knowledge in documents, databases, and software
- Assisting knowledge growth through culture and incentives (San Rafael, n.d.).
- Transmitting existing knowledge into other parts of the organization and
- Evaluating the value of knowledge assets and impact of knowledge management.
On the other hand Knowledge management is the combination of knowledge work and intellectual capital. Knowledge work means converting data into information that is possible to use in the business to make important decisions. Knowledge Work is also a combination of people in its assets, customer focus, shared term skills, decisions moved away from the top, collaboration, term based rewards and rapid pace of change are included, a process in it focus on the core business, outsource non-core activities and staff, focus on assets life cycle, focus on portfolios and partner & collaborate are included, and technology in it deep water, horizontal drilling, data explosion, global communications, computing power at the low-cost rate, visualization, object technology, and internet & WWW are include.
References
Kotler, Ph., Armstrong, G. (2005). Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall; 11th edition.